What are the causes of floods?

Floods cause huge losses to the population

The first image that comes to mind for most people when it comes to flooding is thedestruction, damage and sometimes death. The city of São Paulo, during the rainy season, always in the news because of flooding. However, this fact is not unique to St. Paul, as many Brazilian cities are facing the same problems. The questions that ariseare: what causes this problem? How to prevent it? This is purely an urban problem?

When the natural bed of a river or stream receives an amount of water from the rain,the greater your capacity it supports them, it overflows, causing the flood. This is anatural process and every river needs an area called the "flood area" where the water will drain. Here it is one of the major problems of flooding and flooding in the cities: the area of flooding in many cities, has not been fulfilled and many people raised theirhouses where the river will naturally overflow and flood the houses.

Another important issue concerns the urbanization of the cities. Most of them, this process took place without any planning, such as thinking the slope of the street(where the rain water will flow) and construct storm sewers (medium used to capture and convey the water from the rain). If these two procedures were used, it is certain that floods and floods do not appear in the news and not cause many social and economic problems.

Floods are a serious problem for society, because besides the enormous economic damage, endanger the lives of several people who may contract infectious diseasessuch as leptospirosis.

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Floods In Japan

It is your impression: it's getting worse. The last decade has focused 50 of 180 major floods in 100 years. Despite having less than other brand disasters, unprecedented rains caused havoc in Rio de Janeiro: 700 dead and 14,000 displaced and homeless.
But nothing comparable to China and India, where population density leads to tragedies with million-plus victims of the destruction, flooding spread infected diseases.
The statistics that point to the increase of the problem has always been viewed with reservation by meteorologists.For them, it takes a long historical sequence to demonstrate a change. For this change began to be proven. For the first time, it was proven that greenhouse gases cause increased rain. That is, there is only getting worse as it is our fault. '' Now we can say with confidence: intesidade increased rainfall in the late 20th century can not be explained by existing climate models'', told Nature magazine researcher Gabriele Hegerl, head of research at the University of Edinburgh, UK . It is only a first step, but there in front may still result in compensation by rich countries by floods in poor regions. At least now science accepts that the weather is

FLOODS SANTA CATARINA

Floods hit the state of Santa Catarina, located in southern Brazil, in January 2011. About 83 cities have enacted an emergency because of heavy rain. The city of Sweet Mirim declared a state of public calamity. The DefesaCivil recorded six deaths and about 930,000 people were affected. More than 26,000 people had to leave their homes around the state. 24,124 people homeless and other homeless 1926.
Alert was reported in relation to Taió Dam, with the opening of all gates. The tank was in the ceiling, and the Defender of Civil Taió, South River and West River remained firm surveillance due to the high rainfall, which resulted in flooding in the municipalities cited the consequent increase in the level of the river, because the opening of the floodgates.
The Civil Defense also reported flooding and landslides in Brush, the Itajai Valley where some cities have experienced problems due to the steady increase in rainfall. The cities that remained in an emergency situation were Antônio Carlos, Anitápolis, Alfredo Wagner, Water warm, Anita Garibaldi, Warehouse, Araquari, Araranguá, Aurora, Stall Brook Silva, Barra do Sul Balneario, Seagull Spa, Biguaçu, Old Bar, Bom Jardim da Serra, North Arm, Arm Trombudo, Firecrackers, Camboriú, the Cocal South Corupá, Cricklewood, Miss Emma, ​​Badlands, Forquilhinha, Gaspar, Grantham, Gravesend, Guaramirim, Governador Celso Ramos, Içara, Islet, Imaruí, Itapoá, Itaiópolis, Jaguaruna, Jaragua do Sul,

Safe that tere comes Flood!!!

Flood disaster is not always that you may have seen on TV, flooded cities, strandedpeople and animals, people who lost everything in the house with.

Floods are natural phenomena that occur in all rivers.

During the rainy season - which usually occurs during the summer, in southern Brazil,and during the winter in the north - the rivers fill alagam and the surrounding land, called natural flood areas. This is good because the water leaves the land more fertilefor planting. But man's actions changed the natural course of things ...

Formerly, before graduating cities, the water walked across the land. When the manbegan taking vegetation and build houses on the banks of rivers, floods have becomea big problem. Without tree roots, which act like sponges that hold water in the soil, the volume of water back into rivers is greatly increased, and the risk of a flood happening"disastrous" increase together.

Things got worse in the cities because the buildings, houses and asphalt covering the streets the way they cover the water to land, called "soil sealing".

The garbage dumped on the streets also contributes to the flooding, because it clogsthe drains and streams overflow.

When this happens, people are at greater risk of catching diseases, as the waters riseand carry 

debris to these streets and houses, along with the urine of rats (which causes a serious disease called leptospirosis). These waters are also not channeleddrains, which in many cities in Brazil are dumped in open streams without any treatment

What is flooding?

A flood occurred in 1914 in Fredericia.

Flood or flooding is usually a natural overflow of water from its natural bed (bed lower), ie, streams, creeks, lakes, rivers, streams, usually caused by heavy rains and continuous. In the seas and oceans due to storm surge flooding, with or without overtopping of levees, floods are also called, as has occurred in the NetherlandsThe occurrence of flooding is more frequent in the busiest areas where drainage systems are replaced less efficient over time if not properly adjusted or recalculated technically. Often the increase mainly due to the destruction of the population density of certain areas subject to flooding traditionally cyclical.Like any natural phenomenon, one can always calculate the payback period or time to recurrence of a flood making use of statistical methods commonly used in hydrology, as the method of Gumbel or Galton-Gibrat.When this overflow occurs in regions with little or no human occupation, the very nature can take care of absorbing the excess water gradually, causing little damage to the ecosystem, but may cause damages to agriculture.There are errors caused by artificial flooding operations s spillway gates of dams or errors of hydraulic projects such as culverts, bridges, dams, etc..When the overflow occurs in populated areas of small, medium or high population density, the damage may be small, medium, large or very large, according to the volume of water that came out of the bed according to normal and the population density .The science that studies the phenomena of floods is the hydrology that is often taught in courses in Geography, Engineering Hydraulics, Sanitary Engineering, Environmental Engineering and others.Some works can be made for flood control such as culverts, dikes, dams or flood defense works Revitalization Rios, widely used in Holland and Germany.

Most Deadly Disaster Of The Last Decades

Illustration of the flood of 1717 occurred off the coast of Germany, the Netherlands and part of Scandinavia in December 25, 1717.

Torrents of mud and water set off by heavy rains left a trail of destruction through the mountainous Serrana region near the city of Rio de Janeiro, toppling houses, buckling roads and burying entire families as they slept.

"It's like an earthquake struck some areas," said Jorge Mario, the mayor of Teresopolis, where 185 people were killed and scores more were feared dead.

"The death toll is going to climb a lot. There are a lot of people buried who can't get help because rescue teams can't get there," Mario said, adding that three of the town's neighborhoods were destroyed by the flooding.

The mudslides swept away the homes of rich and poor alike in and around Teresopolis and other towns, likely causing billions of dollars in damage. But the brunt of the disaster was borne by poorer rural residents in houses built in risky areas without formal planning permission.

The floods have not affected Brazil's main export crops -- soy, sugar cane, oranges and coffee -- although they could push up local food prices further as the small Serrana region is an important producer of fruit and vegetables for the Rio metropolitan area.

Television images showed rescuers trying to haul residents from raging floodwaters, and going through the ruins of homes in search of survivors, often finding only corpses. One success came when a 6-month-old baby was rescued alive from the rubble of a house, drawing thunderous cheers from residents.

Floods, a good or bad for Humanity - Gift or Punishment

                                                 

Mankind has always preferred to live near fresh water, where land ismore fertile and irrigation, easy, but sometimes, rivers rebel. The result is a tragedy.
No region of the planet is free from this kind of disaster - with the exception of deserts, of course
For a flood, there is just a river and people living on its shores. It isinevitable. One day will overflow, dragging all their waters reach.
The floods are especially feared in the fertile deltas of large rivers, home to huge clusters of people: Mississippi, United States, theGanges, which, after bathing the Indian territory, flows both in Indiaand in Bangladesh; Blue rivers (Yang-tse-kiang) and Yellow (Huangho) in China. They are caused mostly by increased rainfall orsudden melting of snows in the mountains.
It is difficult, often determine if the floods are positive or negative forhumanity, for the same waters that destroy homes bring substancesthat fertilize the soil. In ancient Egypt, the Nile floods werecommemorated in a few years as the Gift of the Gods, and others,as a punishment. 
 

Floods in Santa Catarina

Floods hit the state of Santa Catarina, located in southern Brazil, in January 2011. About 83 cities have enacted an emergency because of heavy rains. The city of Sweet Mirim declared a state of public calamity. The Civil Defense accounted for six deaths and about 930,000 people were affected. More than 26,000 people had to leave their homes around the state. 24,124 people  homeless and other homeless 1926.


Alert was reported in relation to Taió Dam, with the opening of all gates. The tank was in the ceiling, and the Defender of Civil Taió, South River and West River remained firm surveillance due to the high rainfall, which resulted in flooding in the municipalities cited the consequent increase in the level of the river, because the opening of the floodgates.The Civil Defense also reported flooding and landslides in Brush, the Itajai Valley where some cities have experienced problems due to the steady increase in rainfall.
The cities that remained in an emergency situation were Antônio Carlos, Anitápolis, Alfredo Wagner, Warm Waters, Anita Garibaldi, Warehouse, Araquari, Araranguá, Aurora, Stall Brook Silva, Barra do Sul Balneario, Seagull Spa, Biguaçu, Old Bar, GoodJardim da Serra, North Arm, Arm Trombudo, Firecrackers, Camboriú, Cocal do Sul, Corupá, Cricklewood, Miss Emma, ​​Badlands, Forquilhinha, Gaspar, Grantham, Gravesend, Guaramirim, Governador Celso Ramos, Içara, Islet, Imaruí, Itapoá, Itaiópolis, Jaguaruna, Jaragua do Sul, Joinville, Jacinto Machado, Laurentino, Lauro Muller, Marazion, Massaranduba, Meleiro, Major Gercino, Smokey Hill, Great Hill, New Venice, Palhoça, Torres Strait, Big Rocks, Porto Belo , Rio do Campo, Sao Pedro de Alcantara, South Santa Rosa, Santo Amaro da Imperatriz, São Bento do Sul, South San Francisco, South San Juan, St. Martin, Siderópolis, dingy, St. Joseph, St. Joseph's Cerrito Taio, Cloudy, South Timbé, Treviso, Shark and Urussanga.


Losses 

The municipalities are working together with the Civil Defense to serve the affected population. Donations were arrecados and distributed in Cricklewood. According to preliminary surveys, the rains caused damage estimated at $ 400 million. F The President announced the release of $ 40 million to help rebuild the cities affected by rainfall in Santa Catarina.

Flood hits the Brazil To Peru

The Transoceanic Highway, which links Brazil to Peru, was banned because of the floodthat left the Rio Acre Iñapari throughout the city, located along the road under water.




According to the clerk of the Federal Police in Epitaciolândia, Socorro Martins, which provides information on the situation of the international route, vehicles such as cars and trucks are returning.


Several people who have moved on Friday (02.17.2012) of Brazilian cities, as Brasiléia,Epitaciolândia and Rio Branco, for the Carnival in Cuzco had to return due to the ban."Nobody is going. The river is passing over the highway and by the end of the bridge'', said the servant of the Federal Police.


In Iñapari, Rio Acre desabriga three thousand people. It is full of the biggest ever in the region. The town that became known throughout the country, as the site that housedhundreds of Haitians trying to enter through the Acre in Brazil, had all the streets andhouses invaded by water.

Neither the central city area, where they are located in the central square and church escaped. The 3000 city residents are homeless.

 

In addition to the boats, tractors and trucks can only walk on the flooded streets to helpresidents to remove their belongings.
All homes and businesses were invaded by the muddy waters.
Already in Assis Brazil, two neighborhoods that have been achieved by the water are getting help from the army, City Hall and solidary people.
300 people are homeless.


Source: The Gazeta.Net and Ac24horas


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